In industrial organic waste gas treatment, how do catalysts reduce the activation energy of catalytic combustion reactions to achieve efficient purification?
Publish Time: 2025-04-09
In the field of industrial organic waste gas treatment, catalytic combustion technology has become a key means with its advantages of high efficiency, energy saving, and environmental protection, and catalysts play a core role in reducing activation energy and achieving efficient purification.The principle of catalysts reducing the activation energy of reactions lies in their unique surface structure and active sites. Taking common precious metal catalysts (such as platinum and palladium) as an example, these metal atoms have a special electronic structure. When organic molecules and oxygen molecules in the exhaust gas contact the catalyst surface, they will be adsorbed on their active sites. At this time, the electrons of the catalyst will interact with the electrons of the reactant molecules, changing the electron cloud distribution of the reactant molecules, making the chemical bonds that originally required higher energy to break easier to break, and the activation energy required for the reaction is greatly reduced.In the process of catalytic combustion reaction, the catalyst not only reduces the activation energy, but also plays a role in enriching the reactant molecules. The adsorption characteristics of its surface increase the concentration of organic molecules and oxygen molecules in the local area, increase the collision frequency between molecules, and further accelerate the reaction. For example, when treating VOCs such as benzene and aldehydes, platinum catalysts can almost completely convert these organic substances into carbon dioxide and water, with a purification efficiency of more than 95%.At the same time, the catalyst has good thermal stability. In industrial organic waste gas treatment, the catalytic combustion reaction needs to be carried out at a certain temperature, and the catalyst can maintain a high activity in a high temperature environment to ensure that the reaction continues to proceed stably. This makes the catalytic combustion technology have the characteristics of low ignition temperature (usually between 200-400℃), which is much lower than the 650-800℃ of the traditional direct combustion method, significantly reducing energy consumption.In addition, no secondary pollutants such as NOx are produced during the catalytic combustion process, which meets environmental protection requirements. Moreover, due to the low reaction temperature, the catalytic combustion equipment is small in size, easy to install and maintain, and has a high degree of automation. It is usually equipped with temperature sensors and control systems, which can achieve fully automatic operation.However, the performance of the catalyst is also affected by many factors, such as temperature, air velocity, pollutant concentration and impurity gas. In practical applications, it is necessary to rationally select and use catalysts based on factors such as the composition, concentration, and temperature of the waste gas, and continuously improve the purification efficiency of catalytic combustion technology by optimizing process flows and developing new catalysts, so that it can play a more important role in the field of industrial organic waste gas treatment and contribute to environmental protection and sustainable development.
